Albania
Gjirokaster, Albania's dramatic 'Stone City' and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, captivates as a fortress town frozen in time where hundreds of distinctive stone-roofed Ottoman tower houses climb steep mountainsides creating one of the most spectacular historic townscapes in the Balkans. This ancient city of 25,000, birthplace of Albania's communist dictator Enver Hoxha and acclaimed writer Ismail Kadare, has preserved its unique architecture virtually intact—the characteristic 'tower houses' (kullë) built from local stone with distinctive slate roofs served as fortified residences for wealthy families during Ottoman rule. The massive Gjirokaster Castle, one of the Balkans' largest fortresses dominating the city from its hilltop perch, contains a military museum with captured American airplane, an eerie communist-era tunnel system, and breathtaking panoramic views of the stone-roofed houses cascading down the mountainside and the Drino Valley beyond—attending a performance during the National Folklore Festival held here every five years offers magical atmosphere with traditional Albanian music echoing off ancient walls. The Old Bazaar, a UNESCO-protected market quarter with cobblestone streets and traditional craftsmen's shops, sells local products including qilims (woven rugs), copper goods, and traditional costumes.